In , he moved to New York and changed his name to Warhol. He worked as a commercial artist for magazines and also designed advertising and window displays. In the early s, he began to experiment with reproductions based on advertisements, newspaper headlines and other mass-produced images from American popular culture such as Campbell's soup tins and Coca Cola bottles.
In , he began his series portraits of Marilyn Monroe. Other subjects given similar treatment included Jackie Kennedy and Elvis Presley. On the one hand, his paintings of distorted brand images and celebrity faces could be read as a critique of what he viewed as a culture obsessed with money and celebrity.
On the other hand, Warhol's focus on consumer goods and pop-culture icons, as well as his own taste for money and fame, suggests a life in celebration of the very aspects of American culture that his work criticized.
Warhol spoke to this apparent contradiction between his life and work in his book The Philosophy of Andy Warhol , writing that "making money is art and working is art, and good business is the best art. We strive for accuracy and fairness.
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The shooting, which occurred in the entrance of the Factory, forever changed Warhol. Some point to the shock of this event as a factor in his further embrace of an increasingly distant persona.
The brush with death along with mounting pressure from the Internal Revenue Service stemming from his critical stance against President Richard Nixon , seem to have prompted Warhol to document his life to an ever more obsessive degree. He would dictate every activity, including noting the most minor expenses, and employ interns and assistants to transcribe the content of what would amount to over 3, audio tapes.
Portions of these accounts were published posthumously in as The Warhol Diaries. The traumatic attempt on his life did not, however, slow down his output or his cunning ability to seamlessly infiltrate the worlds of fashion, music, media, and celebrity. His artistic practice soon intersected with all aspects of popular culture, in some cases long before it would become truly popular. He also developed a strong business in commissioned portraits, becoming highly sought after for his brilliantly-colored paintings of politicians, entertainers, sports figures, writers, debutantes and heads of state.
His paintings, prints, photographs and drawings of this time include the important series, Skulls , Guns , Camouflage , Mao , and The Last Supper. Interview - Vol. He had been commissioned previously for album cover designs and painted portraits, but in the s he began to receive hundreds of commissions from socialites, music and film stars, and others.
During this period, Warhol used a Polaroid camera and a tape recorder to document his daily life, from business meetings to star-studded social occasions. He also used Polaroid photographs as source materials for his iconic celebrity portraits and many still lifes throughout the s and s.
By , increasing his painting production, Warhol moved his office to a larger space on the 3rd floor of Broadway on Union Square. The s saw a prolific number of paintings, often including controversial or charged imagery, including Vote McGovern , Ladies and Gentlemen , Skulls , Hammer and Sickle , and Oxidation Paintings , which were created by Warhol friends and studio assistants urinating onto a canvas primed with a metallic paint.
Warhol started his largest serial work in , the Time Capsules. He filled, sealed, and sent to storage standard-sized cardboard boxes, 20 filing cabinets two Time Capsules per cabinet , and a large steamer trunk.
Each Time Capsule is filled with ephemera—letters, photographs, publications, recordings, clothing, food, medicine, toys, antiques, ticket stubs, artworks, and more—dating from the s to his death in Warhol was infatuated with Hollywood celebrity and fame since childhood. He wrote to movie stars for headshots and fan photos, assembling scrapbooks between and In the s, Warhol was a regular at the New York disco Studio 54, and he received hundreds of portrait commissions from wealthy socialites, musicians, and film stars.
He remained in the spotlight in the s with his television work and high-fashion modeling. He collected everything from watches to cookie jars, and his largest serial work, Time Capsules , encapsulated items from his daily life from the s to his death.
He documented the world around him not only through his paintings and films, but also through his tape recorder and Polaroid photography, capturing his encounters, both mundane and magnificent. Throughout his career, Warhol frequently collaborated with artists, and in he worked with young artists Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente, and Keith Haring. Warhol also returned to hand painting with a brush in the s, something he had set aside in the s in favor of the silkscreen.
He also made television appearances on The Love Boat and Saturday Night Live , appeared in both print and television commercials, produced music videos, and modeled in fashion shows. Continuing his artistic experimentation, Warhol made a series of digital artworks in using an Amiga During the latter part of his career, Warhol again experimented with abstraction.
His Rorschachs and Camouflages had no identifiable subject, a notable departure from his earlier works, though they were still immediately recognizable images. Nine months before his death, Warhol created a series of iconic monumental self-portraits featuring his gaunt face, fixed gaze, and a spiky wig, some of the canvases measuring nine feet square.
On February 22, , Warhol died at New York Hospital in Manhattan due to complications following a surgery to remove his gall bladder. Warhol is buried next to his mother and father at St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Vincent Ferrer to pray and to attend mass.
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