Redness is common if you also have hives. If your respiratory system is in trouble, your skin may turn blue from lack of oxygen. During anaphylaxis, small blood vessels capillaries begin to leak blood into your tissues.
This can cause a sudden and dramatic drop in blood pressure. Other symptoms include a rapid or weak pulse and heart palpitations. This is a life-threatening medical emergency. When left untreated, anaphylactic shock can lead to internal organ damage, or even cardiac arrest.
Digestive symptoms are also possible, especially if you have food allergies. These can occur with or without other symptoms of anaphylaxis. Digestive symptoms include:. Even before the first physical symptoms occur, you might experience a weird feeling, a sense that something bad is about to happen.
This may accompany other symptoms, such as:. As your body goes into shock, loss of consciousness occurs. This is why prompt treatment and medical attention are vital to preventing possible complications of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that causes a range of symptoms.
Check out pictures of the symptoms, and learn more about them. If you have an allergy to peanuts, you may be at risk for delayed anaphylaxis. Here are the symptoms to watch for and preventative measures to take. Sallow skin refers to skin that has lost its natural complexion. Your skin may appear yellow or brown in tone, especially on your face. Here's why. Your underarms should be a shade similar to the rest of your skin. Most food allergies are caused by just 8 foods.
This article explains what they are, what symptoms they cause and what you can do about it. Biphasic anaphylaxis is a secondary anaphylactic reaction.
Symptoms are often milder but still require medical treatment. Learn more here. Getting a shot of emergency epinephrine as quickly as possible can save your life — but what should you do afterward? Get tips for managing severe allergies from allergist-immunologist Dr…. People with insect allergy need to always be aware of environments that may increase the risk of insect sting or bite, and do what they can to minimise exposure.
People that have experienced anaphylaxis because of insect allergy should discuss immunotherapy or desensitisation with their doctor. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. The type of pain felt in the abdomen can vary greatly.
Children may feel stomach pain for a range of reasons and may need treatment. For unexpected after-hours medical issues, there are telephone helplines, pharmacies, after-hours medical clinics or doctors who can visit you at home.
Severe allergic reactions anaphylaxis and asthma attacks need urgent emergency first aid. In an emergency, always call triple zero Allergy occurs when the body overreacts to a 'trigger' that is harmless to most people. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional.
The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances.
The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Allergies. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet.
On this page. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis can occur within minutes. Signs of a mild to moderate allergic reaction include: swelling of lips, face, eyes hives or welts appearing on the skin tingling mouth abdominal pain, vomiting these are signs of anaphylaxis for insect allergy. Triggers for anaphylaxis Some of the more common triggers allergens that can lead to anaphylaxis include: food — any food can be a trigger.
Ticks arachnids can also trigger anaphylaxis medicines — some prescription drugs such as penicillin , over-the-counter medicines such as aspirin and herbal preparations. These include: poorly controlled asthma exercise alcohol fatigue posture — standing and walking hormonal changes for example, in women that are premenstrual or menstrual taking a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication such as aspirin or ibuprofen.
You will need regular follow-up visits with an allergy specialist. Tests used in the diagnosis of allergy may include: medical history including detailed questioning about what led up to the event physical examination of signs and assessment of symptoms blood tests to check for the presence of particular antibodies skin prick tests to confirm or rule out suspected triggers tests to exclude other medical conditions that can look like an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis.
Treatment for anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency. Adrenaline injection Adrenaline injection is used to treat anaphylaxis. Prevention of anaphylaxis The best way to avoid anaphylaxis is to: avoid triggers — the most important management strategy is to avoid all known triggers allergens if you have a food allergy, always read food labels and disclose your allergy when eating out that means letting the staff know about your allergy.
Narcotics are mast cell activators capable of causing elevated plasma histamine levels and non-allergic anaphylaxis. They are most commonly observed by anesthesiologists. Affected individuals tolerate choline or sodium salicylates, substances closely structurally related to aspirin but different in that they lack the acetyl group. These preservatives are added to foods and drinks to prevent discoloration and are also used as preservatives in some medications. Sulfites are converted in the acid environment of the stomach to SO 2 and H 2 SO 3 , which are then inhaled.
They can produce asthma and non-allergic hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals. Exercise alone can cause anaphylaxis as can food-induced anaphylaxis, Exercise-induced anaphylaxis can occur during the pollinating season of plants to which the individual is allergic.
Catamenial anaphylaxis is a syndrome of hypersensitivity induced by endogenous progesterone secretion. Patients may exhibit a cyclic pattern of attacks during the premenstrual part of the cycle. Flushing, tachycardia, angioedema, upper airway obstruction, urticaria and other signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis can occur without a recognizable cause.
Diagnosis is based primarily on the history and an exhaustive search for causative factors. Serum tryptase and urinary histamine levels may be useful, in particular, to rule out mastocytosis. Ensure and establish a patent airway, if necessary, by repositioning the head and neck, endotracheal intubation or emergency cricothyroidotomy. Place the patient in a supine position and elevate the lower extremities. Patients in severe respiratory distress may be more comfortable in the sitting position.
Treat bronchospasm as necessary. Equipment for endotracheal intubation should be available for immediate use in event of respiratory failure and is indicated for poor mentation, respiratory failure, or stridor not responding immediately to supplemental oxygen and epinephrine. Minimize or eliminate continued exposure to causative agent by discontinuing the infusion, as with radio-contrast media, or by placing a venous tourniquet proximal to the site of the injection or insect sting.
Assess adequacy of perfusion by taking the pulse rate, blood pressure, mentation and capillary refill time. Establish I. A second I. If a vasopressor, such as dopamine becomes necessary, the patient requires immediate transfer to an intensive care setting. The same ABC mnemonic can be used for the pharmacologic management of anaphylaxis:. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis.
It stimulates both the beta-and alpha-adrenergic receptors and inhibits further mediator release from mast cells and basophils. Animal and human data indicate that platelet activating factor PAF mediates life-threatening manifestations of anaphylaxis. The early use of epinephrine in vitro inhibits the release of PAF in a time-dependent manner, giving support to the use of this medication with the first signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
The usual dosage of epinephrine for adults is 0. The dose for children is 0. Lower doses, e. Epinephrine should be given early in the course of the reaction and the dose titrated to the clinical response. The patient's response determines the rate of infusion. Antihistamines are not useful for the initial management of anaphylaxis but may be helpful once the patient stabilizes.
Diphenhydramine may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly or orally. Cimetidine offers the theoretical benefit of reducing both histamine-induced cardiac arrhythmias, which are mediated via H2 receptors, and anaphylaxis-associated vasodilation, mediated by H1 and H2 receptors. Cimetidine, up to mg every 6 to 8 hours, may be administered orally or slowly I. Doses must be adjusted for children.
Corticosteroids do not benefit acute anaphylaxis but may prevent relapse or protracted anaphylaxis. Hydrocortisone to mg or its equivalent can be administered every 6 to 8 hours for the first 24 hours. Agents causing anaphylaxis should be identified when possible and avoided.
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