The Anagran equipment was able to detect P2P by watching the number and duration of flows per user. And instead of simply shutting down the P2P connections, the flow manager adjusted their throughputs to a desired level. Once the fairness controls were active, P2P traffic shrank to less than 2 percent of the capacity.
The upshot is that directing traffic in terms of flows rather than individual packets improves the utilization of networks. By eliminating the excessive delays and random packet losses typical of traditional routers, flow management fills communication links with more data and protects voice and video streams. So is the Internet really broken? Okay, maybe that was an exaggeration. But the year-old router sure needs an overhaul.
I should know. Lawrence G. Not that Roberts watches movies or listens to music online. To continue operating during pandemic-related shutdowns, organizations around the world underwent digital transformations. Examples include using remote technology to collaborate with employees and customers and employing automation to improve customer experiences. Now, as the world tries to determine the new normal, many companies are expanding the use of digital transformation as a tool for growth.
A recent McKinsey survey on digital transformation during the COVID pandemic shows that organizations sped up the digitization of their customer and supply chain operations after more consumers shifted to online ordering. Companies that lost revenue in the past few years tended to be behind in using digital technology, the survey found. How can you ensure your organization is prepared for a digital society? Understanding Key Concepts.
Technical professionals can come away with an understanding of how digital transformation changes organizations and reshapes market niches while learning about the concept of technological ecosystems. Drivers of Digital Transformation.
Learn about communications artificial intelligence, big data, and digital twins. Forecasting Tools and Methods. Explore tools and applications that can be used to look into the future. Game-Changing Opportunities. This course explores the impact advanced technology is likely to have on industries including agriculture, energy, education, finance, and health care. Implementation—From Theory to Practice. This session focuses on psychological, social, and political considerations that could help with deployment.
Individuals who complete the course program can earn up to 0. Institutions interested in the program can contact an IEEE account specialist to learn more. To learn more about how digital transformation can impact your company, register for The Benefits of Digital Transformation for Organizations , a free virtual event to be held on 16 November at noon New York time. The session will be available on demand two hours after the live event concludes.
It turns out that you don't need a lot of hardware to make a flying robot. Flying robots are usually way, way, way over-engineered, with ridiculously over the top components like two whole wings or an obviously ludicrous four separate motors.
Maybe that kind of stuff works for people with more funding than they know what to do with, but for anyone trying to keep to a reasonable budget, all it actually takes to make a flying robot is one single airfoil plus an attached fixed-pitch propeller. And if you make that airfoil flexible, you can even fold the entire thing up into a sort of flying robotic swiss roll. This type of drone is called a monocopter, and the design is very generally based on samara seeds, which are those single-wing seed pods that spin down from maple trees.
The ability to spin slows the seeds' descent to the ground, allowing them to spread farther from the tree. It's an inherently stable design, meaning that it'll spin all by itself and do so in a stable and predictable way, which is a nice feature for a drone to have—if everything completely dies, it'll just spin itself gently down to a landing by default. F-SAM stands for Foldable Single Actuator Monocopter, and as you might expect, it's a monocopter that can fold up and uses just one single actuator for control.
There may not be a lot going on here hardware-wise, but that's part of the charm of this design. The one actuator gives complete directional control: increasing the throttle increases the RPM of the aircraft, causing it to gain altitude, which is pretty straightforward.
Directional control is trickier, but not much trickier, requiring repetitive pulsing of the motor at a point during the aircraft's spin when it's pointed in the direction you want it to go.
F-SAM is operating in a motion-capture environment in the video to explore its potential for precision autonomy, but it's not restricted to that environment, and doesn't require external sensing for control.
While F-SAM's control board was custom designed and the wing requires some fabrication, the rest of the parts are cheap and off the shelf. If you look closely, you'll also see a teeny little carbon fiber leg of sorts that keeps the prop up above the ground, enabling the ground takeoff behavior without contacting the ground.
You can find the entire F-SAM paper open access here , but we also asked the authors a couple of extra questions. IEEE Spectrum: It looks like you explored different materials and combinations of materials for the flexible wing structure.
Why did you end up with this mix of balsa wood and plastic? Shane Kyi Hla Win: The wing structure of a monocopter requires rigidity in order to be controllable in flight.
Although it is possible for the monocopter to fly with more flexible materials we tested, such as flexible plastic or polymide flex, they allow the wing to twist freely mid-flight making cyclic control effort from the motor less effective. The balsa laminated with plastic provides enough rigidity for an effective control, while allowing folding in a pre-determined triangular fold.
Can F-SAM fly outdoors? What is required to fly it outside of a motion capture environment? Yes it can fly outdoors. It is passively stable so it does not require a closed-loop control for its flight. The motion capture environment provides its absolute position for station-holding and waypoint flights when indoors.
For outdoor flight, an electronic compass provides the relative heading for the basic cyclic control. We are working on a prototype with an integrated GPS for outdoor autonomous flights. A camera can be added we have done this before , but due to its spinning nature, images captured can come out blurry. A conventional LiDAR system requires a dedicated actuator to create a spinning motion.
Your paper says that "in the future, we may look into possible launching of F-SAM directly from the container, without the need for human intervention. Currently, F-SAM can be folded into a compact form and stored inside a container. However, it still requires a human to unfold it and either hand-launch it or put it on the floor to fly off. In the future, we envision that F-SAM is put inside a container which has the mechanism such as pressured gas to catapult the folded unit into the air, which can begin unfolding immediately due to elastic materials used.
Since these technologies have become an important part of everyday lives, most users take them for granted and rarely wonder how they work or when they first began. In fact, some people mistake WiFi for the Internet, when the two have a lot of differences between them. Wireless routers are much like physical computer routers, only without the wires. The simplest definition of a router is a device that connects different computer networks together. A router is also capable of connecting a computer to multiple networks.
These days there are various examples of routers found everywhere. For instance, an Internet router at home connects all the computers in the house to the Internet. Businesses use big, complex routers to create and connect to several networks. Some more powerful routers are used for gaming at home. Never has gaming ever been so fun. There are multiple ways to game nowadays, you could either game on a PC or even now mobile device. With so many ways of gaming you must ask yourself what is the best game to play for either device?
A traditional router is a wired device, but a wireless router does the job without getting tangled in wires and cables. In many ways, a wireless router is a mini radio-signal receiver that transmits packets of data. This data is received by the radio receiver built in your computer or mobile device and decoded to display the data on the screen.
When talking about wireless routers, how can WiFi be far behind? WiFi is so commonplace these days, with coffee shops, supermarkets, and restaurants turning into WiFi hotspots.
The Internet is almost omnipresent which is outstanding. Have you ever wondered how it works or when it began? Simply put, WiFi is a process of connecting to the Internet wirelessly with the use of radio waves.
It first started in the s, when the WiFi Alliance established and put standards for wireless technology in place. The Alliance still exists, and is now a huge consortium over close to companies and corporations.
So I was called into Stanford Legal and the lawyer told me to bring my sources on paper. And I sat down, and the lawyer said, 'Will you do a comparison. That's sort of the heart and soul of this.
And it was identical except for changing variables names. I said, can you see this? She said, 'I'm a lawyer and I can see this is identical. Let's look at other things. Let's look at this network data logblock a C structure. Well it's been broken into two pieces, big deal. Any time someone gets a chance to go over code again they refine it. It was refined, clearly, but absolutely the same stuff. They changed and added a their new routing protocol, no big deal.
If you knew networking you could do it. I only did what I had to do, because I was driven by my boss and he was driven by the department's needs. And when I stopped I stopped. Well, then Stanford really put its foot down and Len [and his partners, including Cisco co-founder Sandy Lerner] left the university to focus on Cisco. The way royalties work, a third goes to the school, a third goes to the department and a third goes to the inventor.
I gave my third back to my department because essentially all of this stuff is born out of a great research environment. But Cisco has always had trouble giving me credit. They had a Web page that I was very irked by. And I'm like one of these bulldogs, you know, I get a hold of these guys' pant's leg and I won't let go of it. I'm sort of a persona non grata down there at Cisco.
But it was fun. I was very passionate about this stuff. I'm always passionate about what I do. And I learned a lot about how corporations work and these guys were great capitalists and obviously they turned out with a great company.
I left Stanford because it was getting more difficult to get grant money, so I did a bunch of consulting at Sun to make some extra money. Great system. One of the Voyager's special features was that it ran in disconnected mode. You could disconnect it from the network, and it would continued to function. My job was to create an IMAP server and client that worked when the client disconnected. This was tough because, at that time, IMAP2bis did not support disconnected e-mail, and I needed to modify the protocol to do this as well as support low bandwidth IMAP can be very chatty.
After one of the guys I was working with quit, his boss asked me to come save the e-mail part of the project. And I thought, I'm I've been at universities too long.
So I said sure. I always ran into walls at Sun, company politics, and that never worked out too well. When I was at Stanford there was a rule: The best engineering wins.
Simple, straightforward. If your engineering is better than the other guy's, yours got the blue ribbon. Well at Sun, and at companies in general, it's different. It's the politically correct software that gets productized.
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